From the outside the theatre industry can feel daunting, especially if you don’t understand some of the language or jargon that people use. Our beginner’s guide to the theatre industry is a great starting point to help you understand the basic theatre terms and definitions to words such as ‘the half', ‘tabs’ and ‘wings' and so much more. So next time you’re going to an audition, job interview or starting some work experience you’ll be able to show off your expert theatre industry knowledge by using these theatre terms.
Can refer to Artistic Director or Assistant Director
From Latin phrase 'Ad libitum' which translates to 'at one's pleasure'. For an Actor to speak and move in character without direction or following the script. Often used if a mistake is made and the actor improvises to get back to the script
Someone who acts on behalf of Performers to help find them work
Amateur dramatics, non-professional theatre
The front of the stage that juts out in front of the proscenium arch
Someone who oversees the artistic programme of the theatre as well as managing funding, budgets and staff
Assistant Stage Manager
A type of interview for a Performer to showcase their talents and check their suitability for a role
The call given to Actors five minutes before the start of the performance to ensure they are in position
The instructions of where the Actors need to stand or move
The American equivalent of the West End, located in Manhattan, New York. A central area for performances such as plays and musicals
The time in which you must arrive for your rehearsals or for the show
The communication system between departments, usually through a headset
The middle of the stage
A sequence of steps and movements for staged dances and performances
Casting an Actor for their ability over what their appearance is. Often used for characters where race, gender or ethnicity is not mentioned in the play
A drama school or performing arts training institution with conservatoire status, meaning training is particularly intensive
Company Stage Manager
A trigger for an action to happen
The end of the show, usually when the actors take their bows
When a theatre is not currently being used for performances
The front of the stage, nearest the auditorium
A school which specialises in teaching about performance and theatre
A rehearsal in costume where the full production is performed
Deputy Stage Manager
A part of a play with speaking roles for only two Actors
Edinburgh Festival Fringe is the largest arts festival in the world. It takes place every August, with a large number of performances at different venues across the city.
When the audience is on one side of the stage
A group of Actors who play background roles and appear in multiple scenes, can also be used to refer to an entire theatre company
A union for people working in the performing arts, including Actors
The rigging system made up of ropes and pulleys that enables Stage Crew to quickly move large pieces of scenery
A metaphor for the invisible and imaginary 'wall' between the Actors on stage and the audience
Theatre that is experimental in style or subject matter. The term comes from the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. The Fringe are small-scale theatres often located above pubs, and are the equivalent of New York's Off-Off-Broadway Theatres and Europe's 'free theatre' groups
Fitting of the set in the theatre
Taking down and removing the set from the theatre
Warning called when the lights are about to be turned off
The call given to Actors half an hour before they are to be called to start the performance. This is given at 35 minutes before the start of the show
Professional photograph of yourself which you hand out at auditions and to Agents
The auditorium
The lights in the auditorium
Short hand for improvisation where an Actor comes up with lines on the spot, unrehearsed
When the audience sit on every side of the stage
Safety curtain used to separate the stage from the audience in case of a fire
The lighting department
Afternoon performance of a show
A speech by only one Actor
An Actor who plays more than one character in a play
An initiative created by the National Theatre where they broadcast their productions live via satellite to cinemas and arts centres around the world
Launch night of a production which invites members of the press to review the production for their publication e.g The Stage
A set of performances for the public before its official opening. They are used by Directors to highlight any problems and correct them before opening/press night when critics review the production
Someone who tells Actors their lines if they forget them, or the act of telling actors their lines if they have forgotten them
Research and development - often used to explore a new idea/concept
A system of theatre where one group of Actors appear in multiple productions at the same time. Often shortened to just Rep
A re-staging of a production after its original run has closed
A system of ropes and chains to support some sort of frames i.e. the set of a production or lighting
The Royal Shakespeare Company. A theatre company who perform the works of Shakespeare and Playwrights of today. Their main home is in Stratford-upon-Avon, Shakespeare's birthplace.
Text of a play
William Shakespeare. English Poet, Playwright and Actor. Regarded as the greatest Playwright in the English language and the world's greatest Dramatist
A performance for Performers to showcase their talent to industry professionals in a hope of gaining work and or an Agent
Used in musical theatre and opera - first rehearsal between the Singers and the Orchestra
Stage Manager
Society of London Theatre is the trade organisation representing West End theatres and other major London theatres
A casting notices website
Left hand side of the stage in accordance to those on the stage facing the audience (if you are standing on the stage looking out to the auditorium, this will be on your left)
Right hand side of the stage in accordance to those on the stage facing the audience (if you are standing on the stage looking out to the auditorium, this will be on your right)
First run of the show in order of events
To remove the set from the stage
Short hand for sound
A rehearsal to practice the technical elements of the performance
The world's oldest and best theatre publication, offering theatre news from London's West End and across the UK, including news, jobs and interviews. Visit thestage.co.uk
A type of staging which includes the stage extending past the proscenium arch into the auditorium. The thrust will have audience sit on three sides of the stage
Running through the play in sections where the cues need to be practised, such as a lighting or sound change. The Actors will only say the lines at the beginning and end of each section for the cues
Type of staging where the audience sit on either side of the stage, facing each other
UK's leading theatre and performing arts membership organisation. They promote excellence, professional development and campaign to improve resilience and increase audiences across the sector
The back of the stage, nearest the backdrop
A department within a production or theatre where all costumes and props are made, kept and maintained
The main commercial and subsidised theatres in London, including its oldest and most prestigious venues. The British version of Broadway
The sides of the stage (offstage)
A form of documented theatre in which plays are constructed from the precise words spoken by people interviewed about a particular event or topic
Often referred to as a showreel, it is a short edited video which showcases an individual's previous work in video
A short edited video which showcases an individual's previous voice work on video
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Photo: Arts Educational Schools, London
It’s not a bad thing to have nerves before an interview or theatre audition – it is your body’s way of showing that you really care about what you are pursuing. However, sometimes nerves and anxiety can affect our behaviour and it’s good to learn how to control this, so that it doesn’t affect your performance in the interview/audition. Even the most experienced professionals can still feel nervous sometimes!
noun
"he felt a surge of anxiety"
The NHS says: “anxiety is a feeling of unease, such as worry or fear, that can be mild or severe.” It is a normal feeling to have before an interview or doing something for the first time. Your heart rate may rise and you can start feeling a bit hot and sweaty.
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Preparation is the key to help you feel more at ease on the day. Follow the tips below to ensure you keep your nerves under control.
Find more theatre careers advice here
Find theatre vacancies with The Stage Jobs here
Remember that it’s not the end of the world if the interview didn’t go to plan. Take each interview as experience that you can use for the next one. Try not to dwell on it afterwards – you’ve done everything you can and given it your best shot, it’s now out of your control. Give yourself something to look forward to after your interview, book yourself in for a treat where you can relax afterwards and take your mind off it – you deserve it!
If you need to speak to someone about anything that is concerning you then contact http://www.artsminds.co.uk/
Published: 04 March 2019
A portfolio should show a selection of your best work that you have created either in your spare time, at school or at work. Invest in a large folder that can hold all of your work, so that it’s easy to carry around.
If you'd like to find some ways to develop your craft, look through our opportunities here.
This can be in form of a sketchbook, something that contains all your research, rough sketches and textiles that got you to the finalised product.
If you want to include a particular costume that is light and small enough to carry, then you can include this as part of your portfolio. However, if something is quite large then include photographs and small cuttings of fabric that you used for it.
Choose good quality images in colour. Include photographs of the costumes under the stage lights with the actors in character as well as some close-up images of finer details.
Have these printed out and, if there is a particular section that mentions your work or your name, then highlight this so it stands out.
Search opportunities here and Find jobs with The Stage Jobs here.
Photo: Royal Opera House
Published: 04 March 2019
Rejection is something that most people working in theatre will regularly experience. Whether you are trying to get into drama school, having an audition or interview, getting an agent or just trying to get seen by the right people, you will experience rejection throughout your career. So, how do you deal with it?
Use your rejection as experience. Take on board any comments you may have received and use them to improve yourself for the next opportunity. Go for every experience that comes your way – especially when it comes to auditions or interviews, the more you do, the more you will feel comfortable with the experience. Those who you may look up to in the industry went through a lot of rejection before they got to where they are now.
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Sometimes you may be rejected for something that is outside of your control. It’s not a reflection on your talent, but could be something such as your height which you can’t change. Focus on your strengths and remind yourself of what you are good at and where your skills lie, don’t let the rejection put you off for the next time you have an audition or interview.
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A rejection may not be a completely shut door. You may not have been the right fit for that role or job in that circumstance, but the interviewer may think of you in the future for something else. Each interview or audition is an opportunity to network and meet new people who you may work with further down the line.
Remind yourself of the saying ‘when one door closes another door opens’. A rejection doesn’t have to be the end of the world and another opportunity could present itself that is better and more suited to you. Try not to weigh all your hope on one opportunity, as this puts a lot of pressure on you and this may result in you not performing your best during the interview/audition. Take a look at our blog on How to tackle nerves and anxiety for further advice on this.
If you do find yourself upset at a rejection you have received, then allow yourself that time to feel upset about it and then work out a plan on how you will move forward from it. Give yourself a day to go through those emotions and then think about your next steps; how will you grow and learn from this experience?
Find theatre vacancies with The Stage Jobs here
https://www.thestage.co.uk/advice/2016/ul-clayton-how-should-actors-cope-with-rejection/
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/rebecca-strong/on-rejection-and-resilien_b_8648058.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jzuL4Jsdbdw
Photo: Rose Bruford
Published: 04 March 2019
To work as a freelancer or on a freelance basis means working on a contract basis for a variety of companies rather than being an employee of a single company. Freelancers are often self-employed.
There are many roles in theatre which you may do as a freelancer rather than on a permanent contract. There are lots of benefits that come with being a freelancer including the flexibility to take on the work that inspires you. Before you set yourself up to work as a freelancer these are the four key things you need to know.
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Think of yourself as a business; the product that you are selling is yourself and your craft. Recognise what your strengths are so you know how to upsell yourself, and also understand where your weaknesses lie so you can work on these.
Having the confidence to approach people and discuss opportunities is important as a freelancer. Have a business card with your contact details and a short description of what you do is a good starting point and gives you a reason to approach somebody.
Networking can be daunting, but remember that people are just people and sometimes just having a short conversation and introducing yourself can make a huge difference. If you watch a piece of theatre that you enjoyed and have the opportunity to see the Director, Producer or Artistic Director afterwards then it’s okay to approach them and compliment them on the show. For example, if you are aspiring to be a Lighting Designer, have in mind a section of the lighting that impressed you and why.
Make sure you are professional and don’t gush too much or overstay your welcome when you start up a conversation. Go over with the intention of just saying a quick comment, if they instigate they'd like to continue the conversation then that’s great, but also don’t be offended if they don’t. Your quick conversation can still have a big impact and lasting impression.
Promote yourself on social media. Use Twitter, Facebook, Tik Tok, LinkedIn and Instagram to follow industry professionals and comment on performances you have seen or workshops you have been to etc. If you have met an industry professional and then follow up later with a quick tweet, this can remind them of who you are and what you do.
Find more theatre careers advice view all of our blogs here
In between work as a freelancer is where self-motivation is required. Surrounding yourself with like-minded people and others in the same industry as you can really help. Continue learning and growing with your craft, go to classes or workshops.
When you aren’t working, give yourself a reason to get up out of bed. If you are spending this time adding to your portfolio, practising a song, or sending applications then the idea of doing this from your bed is tempting, however can become a habit which is hard to shift. Set your alarm, get showered and dressed as though you are going to work as this will help shift your mindset into ‘work mode’ and you may feel more productive.
Find theatre vacancies with The Stage Jobs here
You will need to register yourself up as self-employed with HMRC in order to pay your taxes. You can do this here. This is compulsory for any freelancer or business. Each year you will submit your earnings to HMRC and they will work out how much tax you owe, or if you need a tax rebate. If you are a PAYE employee then tax will automatically be deducted from your payslip, however when you invoice a company for your time the tax will not be taken into consideration so you need to declare this to pay the right tax. A new website and app has been set up called Sans Drama, this has been created by a Performer and an Accountant to help those working in theatre understand how to file your taxes. Find out more about Sans Drama here.
You can claim for expenses that you have purchased to do with your trade. For example, keep receipts of classes, workshops or any travel you have needed to take in order to complete your job as a freelancer. When you are inputting your taxes into HMRC you can also add in these receipts and claim against your taxes. Some people employ an Accountant to help them input their taxes and expenses into HMRC.
It's ok to have a second job to support yourself, alongside your theatre work. View our 'Misconception Series: If you were good enough you wouldn’t need a day job' blog.
https://www.gov.uk/working-for-yourself
Photo: Arts Educational Schools London
Updated: 12th June 2024
Your mental health is just as important as your physical health. Here are some companies, charities and websites that offer support around mental health aimed at those working in the theatre and performing arts industry.
ArtsMinds is a collaborative initiative from British Association of Performing Arts Medicine (BAPAM), Equity, Spotlight and The Stage to bring together into one place a raft of resources for Performers and creative practitioners facing mental health issues.
https://wellbeinginthearts.org.uk
Wellbeing in the Arts is an organisation that provides resources such as counselling and coaching for individuals as well as services for employers and businesses including workshops, talks, seminars, events, and mental health first aid training.
Be Extra is a resource hub of intersting, fun and easy-to-digest digital resources to help support the mental health and wellbeing of creative minds.
https://www.industryminds.co.uk
Industry Minds was founded in 2018 by Actors Scarlett Maltman and Cathy Read with a goal to better mental health support to those in the creative arts industry. This organistaion offers free one-to-one counselling sessions who need it in the industry.
https://applauseforthought.co.uk
Applause for thought offers one-to-one support, talks, workshops and accredited mental health training courses with the aim to empower individuals and organisations within the industry and equip them with the knowledge and tools surrounding mental health.
Most jobs in theatre are on a freelance basis and you will be contracted for a specific job. There may be times in between contracts, when you want to get another job to earn while you are applying/waiting for the next theatre job to come through. This is perfectly normal and a part of the vast majority of theatre professionals’ careers.
Whatever job you go for, be honest from the beginning about your situation, employers will appreciate that and can also support you. It’s difficult to be in a situation where you are having to lie or keep things quiet to your place of work in order to pursue your theatre career.
Leading workshops and sharing your experience/skills is a good way to earn some extra money and can pay well for your time too (eg. £80 - £150 for a two-hour workshop). Contact local schools, universities, drama schools, drama clubs etc and offer your services. If you are planning on approaching a school, take a look at their curriculum and, if you see that you can create a workshop based off something they are currently learning, then this is a good starting place. Universities sometimes hold workshops/panel discussions for third year students who want to know what it’s like working in the industry and you can offer your first-hand experience. Once you secure and deliver a workshop or masterclass, be sure to ask for some written feedback –this is a great way to book the next workshop as you build up your reputation. This line of work would also be on a freelance basis and may not be very regular.
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Picking up a regular teaching job is another great way to earn and also continue within your field of work. Teaching a weekly class gives you security of regular pay, however this often means that you will need to commit to at least a term at a time, if not longer. You might also be required to have a DBS certificate which allows you to work with children.
Working for companies such as restaurants, bars or gyms that offer shift work can be useful for in-between theatre jobs, as you have guaranteed regular work as well as the opportunity for over-time. You could potentially swap shifts with co-workers if you need a day off for an interview/audition. Many companies enjoy employing those who work in the theatre industry due to the natural confidence and persona you can bring to the role, especially if it is customer facing.
Find more theatre careers advice here
There are a few temping agencies where you can join who will help find you work. This is on a temporary basis, being placed in a company to deliver certain tasks for a short period of time (eg. one week) to help them out. These can be well paid between £10 - £15 per hour and you don’t have to commit for a long period of time.
Call-centres often have a very large team of employees. This means that if you do need to have a day off for an interview or audition this won’t have a huge impact on the company and they can often be flexible with you. Many of these companies also enjoy employing those who work in the theatre industry due to the natural confidence and persona you can bring to the role.
Find theatre vacancies with The Stage Jobs here
There are other companies who like to hire those in the theatre industry and offer flexible work and support your career in the theatre industry. These companies advertise their vacancies on Facebook in groups such as The Hustle, British Actors Network, Actors UK and Bossy. These Facebook groups also provide a network with other industry professionals and emerging companies often put calls out for theatre jobs.
Photo: Shutterstock
Published: 04 March 2019
Drama schools offer a variety of offstage training opportunities for people of all abilities, including theatre design, stage management and theatre directing. Following these easy steps will ensure you are as prepared as you can be to get into the drama school of your choice.
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Find more theatre careers advice here
The best way to have confidence on the day is to make sure that you are well prepared. Know what is in your control on the day and what is not. You want to be able to walk away from your interview and know that you have done everything you can in your power to be the best you can be. The best way to do this is think about the things you can control:
If you have all of these factors in control then you can relax a bit more on the day and concentrate on being yourself, having a big smile and being friendly.
Find theatre vacancies with The Stage Jobs here
https://www.coursflorent.education/news/how-to-get-into-drama-school
https://www.spotlight.com/news-and-advice/tips-and-advice/how-to-nail-your-drama-school-audition/
https://www.spotlight.com/news-and-advice/tips-and-advice/how-to-nail-your-drama-school-audition/
https://www.thestage.co.uk/advice/2017/a-beginners-guide-to-applying-for-drama-school/
Photo: Royal Opera House
Published: 04 March 2019
There are many roles in theatre where you can use your maths and/or science skills in your career.
Many of the roles within the administration teams require a certain level of maths skill – especially within the finance department. Some examples include:
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Maths is often used within the customer services team too, especially with the handling of products and money:
There are also opportunities as a Producer or Artistic Director to use your maths skills, as these roles deal with tight budgets and fundraising.
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Science:
There are roles in theatre that use science skills especially within the creative and production teams. These include:
The study of light and sound is often taught in science subjects and can be a useful skill in these listed roles.
Find more theatre careers advice here
Photo: Royal Opera House
Published: 04 March 2019
National Apprenticeship Week is a great time to highlight one of the most valuable opportunities available to people starting their careers in the arts: theatre apprenticeships. These apprenticeships provide hands-on, on-the-job training, offering an excellent way to develop skills for life while gaining real-world experience in the theatre industry.
In this blog, Get Into Theatre explores what theatre apprenticeships entail, the benefits of starting an apprenticeship in the arts, and how they can help you build the skills you need to succeed in this dynamic sector.
A theatre apprenticeship is a structured training programme that blends work and study. As an apprentice, you’ll get the opportunity to work in a theatre setting while attending classes to develop the specific technical or creative skills required in your chosen field. Theatre apprenticeships are primarily focused on offstage roles, where you can learn everything from set design and lighting to stage management and production coordination. It’s the perfect way to build skills for life in the industry while also making valuable industry connections.
The length of an apprenticeship can vary depending on the organisation or programme. However, most apprenticeships last between one and two years. This period allows apprentices to develop a strong understanding of their field while working alongside experienced professionals in the theatre.
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Yes! One of the significant advantages of a theatre apprenticeship is that it’s a paid opportunity. Most apprenticeships offer a wage that meets or exceeds the National Minimum Wage for the hours worked. This means you can gain valuable training while also earning an income—a perfect option for those looking to kickstart their career in theatre without incurring student debt.
The majority of your learning will take place hands-on, in a real working environment. You'll be immersed in the daily life of a theatre, working with experienced professionals who will mentor you. Some apprenticeship programmes may also involve formal classes where you'll gain theoretical knowledge, which can be applied directly to your role. As you gain practical experience, you'll develop skills for life—skills such as communication, time management, problem-solving, and teamwork—all of which are essential for a career in theatre.
It’s important to note that apprenticeships in theatre are not typical 9-to-5 roles. Many companies expect apprentices to work evenings, weekends, and unsocial hours, as that reflects the nature of the theatre industry. Be prepared to adapt to irregular working hours, which can be both rewarding and challenging.
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One of the most attractive features of theatre apprenticeships is that you don’t necessarily need a degree or prior work experience to apply. Many organisations specifically look for candidates who have a passion for theatre but might not have formal qualifications or hands-on experience yet. If you are eager to learn and ready to dive into the industry, a theatre apprenticeship can provide you with the skills for life you need, regardless of your previous background.
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The qualifications you can gain from an apprenticeship in theatre depend on your level of study, but they can range from basic qualifications to more advanced degrees. Here are the typical levels of qualifications you may receive through an apprenticeship:
These qualifications help boost your employability in the theatre industry and beyond, providing you with skills for life that can be applied across various sectors.
The opportunities after completing a theatre apprenticeship are plentiful. Some apprentices are offered permanent roles within the theatre or company they worked with during their apprenticeship. Others may choose to apply their newfound skills for life and experience to other theatres and companies. Either way, the apprenticeship provides a solid foundation for anyone looking to pursue a long-term career in theatre.
Theatre apprenticeships offer much more than just technical training. By immersing yourself in a real-world theatre environment, you can learn how to adapt to the fast-paced and ever-changing demands of the industry. The skills you gain—from creative thinking and collaboration to resilience and problem-solving—are transferable to many careers outside of theatre too.
If you’re ready to begin your journey in the theatre industry, an apprenticeship is a fantastic way to build a strong foundation and develop the skills that will shape your career for years to come.
If you’re ready to apply for a theatre apprenticeship, start your search on the Get Into Theatre website now! There are plenty of opportunities available across the UK. Whether you’re interested in production, costume, lighting, or stage management, theatre apprenticeships can help you get the hands-on experience and qualifications needed to succeed.
By starting an apprenticeship, you’re investing in skills that will not only help you succeed in theatre but also in a wide variety of careers.
https://www.thestage.co.uk/advice/2017/what-apprenticeships-are-available-in-theatre/
https://www.atgtickets.com/technicalapprenticeships/
http://www.apprenticeshipguide.co.uk/technical-theatre-apprenticeship-2/
https://www.prospects.ac.uk/jobs-and-work-experience/apprenticeships/what-is-an-apprenticeship
Photo: Royal Opera House
Published: 04 March 2019
